What is the normal function of insulin in the body?

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a critical role in the regulation of blood glucose levels in the body. Its primary function is to lower blood glucose levels after meals. When food is consumed, especially carbohydrates, blood glucose levels rise. In response, the pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream.

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue, allowing these cells to use glucose for energy or store it as glycogen for future use. By promoting the storage of glucose and restraining the production of glucose by the liver, insulin effectively lowers blood glucose levels. This action not only helps maintain glucose homeostasis but also prevents the complications associated with high blood sugar levels, such as hyperglycemia.

Understanding this function of insulin is fundamental in the context of diabetes management, where insulin production may be insufficient or the body's cells may become resistant to its effects, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.