American Board of Pathology (ABPath) Practice Test

Diabetes insipidus is not considered a common complication of renal failure. This condition occurs when the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a lack of response to this hormone by the kidneys. In renal failure, kidney function is severely impaired, but the issues typically stem from the kidneys' inability to filter waste, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, or produce important hormones.

In contrast, the other options listed are indeed frequent complications associated with renal failure. Hypertension often develops due to fluid overload and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which increases blood pressure. Anemia is a common occurrence in chronic renal failure, primarily due to reduced erythropoietin production by the kidneys, leading to decreased red blood cell production. Hyperphosphatemia arises when the kidneys can no longer adequately excrete phosphate, causing elevated levels in the blood.

Overall, while renal failure can present a variety of complications primarily related to altered kidney function, diabetes insipidus is not typically one of them.